WAVES, FLUIDS
AND THERMODYNAMICS (COURSE A)
PROGRAMME
Thermodynamics
Brief historical recalls on
thermodynamics. Thermodynamical system: macroscopic
and microscopic descriptions. Definition
of pressure. Zeroth principle of thermodynamics. Thermal dilatation and the
measure of temperature. Thermometers and thermometric scales. Heat
transfer. Concept of perfect gas and the equation of state.
Concept of ideal gas and the kinetic theory of gases. Real
gases, the law of Van der Waals, state diagrams. Heat,
phase transitions, specific and latent heat. Work and thermodynamic
processes. The 1st Principle of
Thermodynamics and its applications. The 1st Principle and perfect gas
processes. Heat engines and refrigerators. Carnot and Otto
cycles. Efficiency of the heat engines.
Postulates of Kelvin and Clausius.
The 2nd Principle of Thermodynamics. Reversible and irreversible processes and the Carnot principle. Concept of
entropy and the 2nd Principle.
Entropy and probability. The thermodynamic potentials. The 3rd Principle of Thermodynamics.
Waves
Propagation of a perturbation along an elastic bar. The
vibrating string. The d’Alembert equation of waves. The superposition principle. Transverse and longitudinal waves. Sound waves. Harmonic waves. Standing
waves. Group velocity. The Doppler effect.
Fluids
Definition of fluid. Compressible and incompressible fluids. Hydrostatics. The Pascal law: the hydraulic press. The Stevino law. The Archimedes principle. Hydrodynamics of ideal fluids. The Bernoulli theorem and its applications. The voluminal flow through a pipe. The Venturi tube. The Torricelli theorem. The Pitot tube. The Magnus effect. Lift of an aircraft wing. Hydrodynamics of real fluids. The laminar flow. Viscosity. The Hagen-Poiseuille law. The turbulent flow. The pressure drop in a pipe. The Reynolds number. Motion of a body in a fluid. Fluid drag on submerged bodies. Wake resistance. The drag coefficient. The Euler equations of hydrodynamics. Eulerian and lagrangian descriptions of the fluid motion.
Suggested textbooks:
Gettys, Keller
& Skove: Fisica1.
Meccanica e Termodinamica, McGraw-Hill
Tipler: Corso di Fisica. Meccanica, Onde e Termodinamica, Zanichelli
Wolfson & Pasachoff:
Fisica. Meccanica e Termodinamica, Zanichelli
Mazzoldi, Nigro
& Voci: Fisica. Meccanica-Termodinamica, EdiSES